苯扎氯铵和癸甲溴铵是两种常见的阳离子表面活性剂，可以有效杀灭大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等养殖场常见细菌，烟雾消毒也是规模养殖中常用的消毒方法之一。

为探讨苯扎氯铵和癸甲溴铵通过烟雾机进行烟雾消毒的安全性，我司与四川农业大学合作开展了大鼠实验，结果表明：苯扎氯铵及癸甲溴铵用于烟雾消毒具有较高安全性。对大鼠呼吸道黏膜有轻微刺激性，但能快速恢复。

文章已被四川农业大学学报录用，于2022年11月26日网络首发。

苯扎氯铵、癸甲溴铵烟雾消毒对大鼠呼吸道刺激性及安全性初步评价

李楠鑫¹，陈洋¹，陈诗奇¹，张继甫²，彭一丁²，钟佳男²，张伟¹，符华林¹*

（1.四川农业大学动物医学院兽药创新制剂工程技术研究中心，成都 611130；2.成都科宏达科技有限公司，四川 新津 611400）

摘要：

【目的】考察苯扎氯铵溶液、癸甲溴铵溶液烟雾消毒的安全性。

【方法】选取40只6～7周龄大鼠，随机分成 4 组，分别为苯扎氯铵组、癸甲溴铵组、烟雾助剂组及去离子水组。将各组大鼠每天分别放在相应溶液的烟雾化环境中自由活动 30min，连续处理14d后评价苯扎氯铵、癸甲溴铵烟雾消毒对大鼠安全性及呼吸道刺激性。

【结果】与去离子水组相比，烟雾助剂组、苯扎氯铵组、癸甲溴铵组大鼠体重增长、饮水量变化、脏器指数、血液生化指标、血常规指标、肺洗涤液 BCA 蛋白浓度及 LDH 值皆无显著性差异（P＞0.05），脏器病理切片未见明显病变，仅见鼻腔黏膜轻微损伤。

【结论】苯扎氯铵及癸甲溴铵用于烟雾消毒对大鼠具有较高安全性，对呼吸道黏膜有轻微刺激性，但能快速恢复。

关键词：苯扎氯铵；癸甲溴铵；烟雾消毒；呼吸道刺激性；毒性评价

中图分类号：R187.1

Smoke Disinfection of Benzalkonium Chloride and Deciquam on Respiratory Irritation and Total Safety in Rats

LI Nanxin¹, CHEN Yang¹, CHEN Shiqi¹, ZHANG Jifu², PENG Yiding², ZHONGJianan², ZHANG Wei¹, FU Hualin¹*

(1. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Medicine Innovation Preparation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130，China； 2. Chengdu Kehongda Technology Co., LTD, Xinjin 611400, Sichuan，China)

Abstract: 

【Objective】To investigate the toxic effect of benzalkonium chloride solution and deciquam solution on animals by smoke disinfection. 

【Method】Forty healthy rats aged 6 to 7 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: benzalkonium chloride group, deciquam group, smoke assistant group and deionized water group.Rats in each group were exposed to the corresponding smoky environment for free exercise for 30 min every day, and the safety and respiratory irritation of benzalkonium chloride and decylmethylammonium bromide for smoke disinfection were evaluated after 14 days. 

【Result】Compared with the deionized water group, there was no significant difference in body weight gain, water intake, organ index, blood biochemical index, blood routine index, the concentration of BCA protein and LDH in lung washing fluid of aerosolize assistant group, benzalkonium chloride group and deciquam group (P>0.05). No obvious pathological changes were found in organ pathological sections, but different degrees of slight damage of nasal mucosa could be seen. Rats in deciquam group showed hepatic vacuolar degeneration in different degrees. 

【Conclusion】The results indicated that benzalkonium chloride and decyl methyl bromide were safe for smoke disinfection in rats and slightly irritating to respiratory mucosa, but rats could recover quickly.

Keywords: benzalkonium chloride; deciquam; smoke disinfection; respiratory irritation; toxicity evaluation.